D_arjun said:
I want to know when we calculate retracement percentage, how do we calculate it. is it from closing price of last bottom or top or some other mechanism.
Retracement levels can be calculated using closing highs and closing lows or intra-day highs and intra-day lows. The retracement level should be calculated from a significant high to a significant low.
A retracement is a countertrend move. Retracements are based on the thought that prices will reverse or "retrace" a portion of the previous movement before resuming their underlying trend in the original direction.
There are many different ways of establishing possible retracement levels when it is clear a countertrend move has started. The trader can look at previous levels of support or resistance, current moving averages or calculate percentage retracement amounts. All of these tools establish possible targets that may be reached during the countertrend movement. The levels they identify can then serve as a guide to observe the market in real time as it tests these zones.
Percentage retracement thinking comes from three main sources:
Dow,
Gann and
Elliott Wave theory. Each theory proposes amounts that a countertrend movement will retrace. Each school holds that if the countertrend movement is able to overcome one level of percentage retracement resistance, it is likely to test the next higher level.
Dow Theory thinks of retracements as regaining between 1/3 and 2/3 of the original Primary move. It emphasizes that retracement targets should be thought of broadly. There is no magic number a stock or index market will retrace. The correction to the main trend will be somewhere between 1/3 and 2/3 of the previous move in the Primary direction. The 50% level is specified as an important level to watch in part because it is midway between the 1/3 and 2/3 amounts.
Elliott Wave theory bases its retrenchment targets on numbers in the Fibonnaci sequence first articulated by Leonard of Pisa, a twelfth century Italian mathematician. The Fibonnaci numbers are derived by adding the sum of the previous two numbers. The first several numbers of the sequence are: 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144.
If, for example, you wanted to find the next number in the sequence you would add 89 + 144 = 233. The ratio of any two sequential numbers in the sequence beginning with 34 is .618. (For example 34/55 = .618.) Elliott in his writing observed that this ratio was the basis of the construction of the Great Pyramid and could be observed in nature, such as in the arrangement of sunflowers. Since human activity was determined by the laws of nature, stock market retracements would often be 0.618 or 0.382 (the reciprocal) of the previous move. Note that the Fibonacci sequence also allows for a 50% retracement, which is one divided by two.
In his writings William
Gann placed great emphasis on the division of prices in thirds and eights. The division into thirds is parallel to Dow Theory. Retracements broken down into eights identifies the following percentage amounts as potentially significant: 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 67, 75, 87.5 and 100%.
Putting the three theories together, traders might look for retracements to achieve the following percentage levels: 12.5, 25, 33.3, 37.5, 38.2, 50, 61.8, 62.5, 66.7, 75, 87.5 and 100%.
A retracement level is more of a science than an art. In addition to pre-set amounts, the trader should examine former support and resistance levels as well as the current position of moving averages. The best approach is to integrate all three tools and establish a zone where a retracement might end.