To understand, Delta neutral strategy, it is important to define the DELTA first.
Delta = change in option price for unit change in the price of underlying.
For example RELIANCE 2600 call option, current option price say = 110 and delta = 0.5. so if RELIANCE gains by 10 points, then new option price will be 110+0.5*10 = 115.
Delta depends on whether option is in-the-money or out-of-money.
Delta for a stock is always 1 i.e. 1 rs change for each 1 rs change in underlying which is nothing but stock itself here.
Delta Neutral strategy deals with creating combination of stock and options or 2 option positions of different strike price so that net delta is equal to ZERO.
For example buy RIL Stock (giving you delta value of 1) and selling (-ive deltal) 2 RIL 2600 call options where delta of option is .5 (giving you delta of 2*(-0.5) = -1)
So this complete trade will have net delta of 0 (+1 for long stock leg and -1 for sold call option leg).
So if RIL falls by 10 Rs, your sold call option will gain by 10 (i.e.-0.5*10*2).
And same is for the gain of 10 Rs in stock, the fall in sold call option price will be 10.
The strategy makes more sense in volatile market where people want to control the risk. Implementation of this is lot more tricky because delta of option is not constant and it keeps changing as the stock price moves.
Hope I have not confused you much with my explanation. It is one of the advance strategy in Options world used by many Hedge funds.
Happy Trading,
Regards.
AW10