All the details you need to trade or invest in a stock is given there. Open/high/low/close volume is the activity that a particular stock had for that particular day.
EQ - is the series in which the stock is listed.
Order book shows you whether buyers or sellers are higher. If sellers are higher, price is likely to come down and vice versa if buyer are more.
Corporate information gives details about the splits, bonus if any and also dividend for the present year. With this you can know the dividend yeild of the stock. Some of the information is used for fundamental analysis and price is predominent in technical analysis. So all the information is not useful for any single person.
52 wk high/low is useful in many ways. When a stock comes to new high means it has strength and likley to go higher. All these are probabilities, there is no prediction possible and whoever says he has a 100% profitable system is trying to sell crap.
Stock or Financial market is a vast arena and technical or fundamental analysis are specialisations. It's goos to know that you have started your learning process. I believe you will reach your goal soon.